It stays evergreen in warmer climates, but have a dormant time in cooler climates. The polysaccharide was homogeneous according to the results of gel filtration and electrophoresis. Poly33,4dihydroxyphenylglyceric acid from stems of. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Comfrey symphytum officinale acts as an anti inflammatory to promote healing of. This plant contains small quantities of a toxic alkaloid which can have a cumulative effect upon the liver. Comfrey symphytum officinale plant profiler sigmaaldrich. Chemotaxonomical investigations of the symphytum officinale. There are up to 35 species, known by the common name comfrey pronounced.
However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Nov 07, 2005 read poly33,4 dihydroxyphenylglyceric acid from stems of symphytum asperum and s. Comfrey symphytum officinale acts as an antiinflammatory to promote healing of. Symphytum asperum lepech, symphytum x uplandicum nyman, symphytum tuberosum l. Symphytum asperum lepechin show all show tabs prickly comfrey. Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about rough comfrey symphytum asperum supplied by member gardeners in the plantfiles database at daves garden. Plants profile for symphytum asperum prickly comfrey usda plants. I56ce150742008 a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the. Dentre elas encontrase o popular confrei symphytum officinale. Conservation status of new zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Oct 05, 2007 read antioxidant and anticomplement activity of poly33,4dihydroxyphenylglyceric acid from symphytum asperum and symphytum caucasicum plants, pharmaceutical chemistry journal on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. It is a weed plant widespread in some regions of asia, europe, north america and caucasus 1,2. The letters hpus indicate that this ingredient is officially included in the homeopathic pharmacop.
The pyrrolizidine alkaloids echimidine and symlandine are not found in s. Symphytum armeniacum, symphytum asperrimum rough comfrey is a perennial. Symphytum asperum new zealand plant conservation network. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Download includes an excel spreadsheet of the attributes, and a pdf explaining the background and nomenclature. It is often used medicinal, as a compost activator and as fertilizer. Mar 04, 2020 symphytum asperum in kew science plants of the world online. Symphytum asperum, symphytum sylvaticum, taxonomy, northeast anatolia. Symphytum asperum lepech, symphytum x uplandicum nyman, symphytum. Symphytum asperum online atlas of the british and irish.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Symphytum is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, boraginaceae. The plant profiler provides detailed information and bioactive compounds for numerous different plant species. Allantoin and pyrrolizidine alkaloidsfree wound healing. Tracheophyta magnoliopsida boraginaceae symphytum symphytum asperum.
Comfrey belongs to the plant family boraginaceae and there are at least five species referred to as comfrey, including symphytum officinale l. Aug 11, 2017 symphytum is an excellent remedy for fractures and mechanical injuries with excessive pain. Nowadays, only pyrrolizidinedepleted or pyrrolizidinefree extracts are used in proprietary medicinal. Pdf allantoinand pyrrolizidine alkaloidsfree wound. Chemotaxonomical investigations of thesymphytum officinale polyploid complex ands. Pdf comfrey has a centuriesold tradition as a medicinal plant. The plant most commonly referred to and used in gardens is russian comfrey symphytum x uplandicum, a naturally occurring hybrid of two wild species.
Comfrey leaf and root are used by the lay public, herbalists and some physicians for the treatment of broken bones, tendon damage, ulcerations in the gastrointestinal tract, and lung congestion. Tlcdensitometric analysis of allantoin in symphytum. The quantitative amounts of the polysaccharide fractions in the raw material have been established and their characteristics are given. The aforenamed extracts contain allantoin, claimed to be a cell proliferationstimulating agent responsible for the. Pdf allantoin and pyrrolizidine alkaloidsfree wound. Comfrey symphytum officinale plants candide gardening. Native from russia to iran, it has rose pink buds opening to small red maturing to blue flowers. It was shown by hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, methylation, oxidation. The high quality, evidencebased information on each plant profiler page is gathered by natural standard, the authority on integrative medicine. Symphytum asperum, commonly called prickly comfrey or persian comfrey, is a coarse, hairy, rhizomatous perennial that is typically grown in shaded wildflower areas or naturalized areas for its attractive foliage and spring flowers. In folk medicine, comfrey has been used as an externally applied poultice. It was shown by hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, methylation.
Immunopharmacologic study of glucofructan from symphytum asperum roots. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. Symphytum armeniacum, symphytum asperum, symphytum bornmuelleri, symphytum brachycalyx, symphytum bulbosum. Pdf symphytum asperum lepechin a new irish species. The results are given of an investigation of the structure of a glucuronoxylan of the stems ofsymphytum asperum ler. Symphytum asperum persian comfrey from garden center marketing.
This page was last edited on 24 december 2019, at 21. Aphididae living on symphytum asperum boraginaceae from georgia. A member of the borage family, comfrey symphytum spp. A tall perennial herb, naturalised in rough and waste ground. Common names include rough comfrey and prickly comfrey.
Other species, like symphytum asperum prickly comfrey and s. Crossing experiments were carried out between the three cytotypes 2n24, 2n40 and 2n48 of symphytum officinale and that of symphytum asperum 2n32, the results indicate that morphologically closely related types are sometimes crossable, whereas in other cases no hybrids could be produced. Structure of a glucuronoxylan of the stems of symphytum. Note that the pdf version is the booklet as published, whereas the excel. It is native to asia and it is known in europe and north america as an introduced species and sometimes a weed. This page was last edited on 3 december 2014, at 21. Widely introduced in europe, and locally in north america. Structure of a new anticomplementary dihydroxycinnamatederived polymer from symphytum asperum boraginaceae. The xylan was isolated by alkaline extraction and was purified by reprecipitation via the copper complex. Pdf immunopharmacologic study of glucofructan from. Structure of a new anticomplementary dihydroxycinnamate.
Pdf allantoin and pyrrolizidine alkaloidsfree wound healing. Symphytum officinale an overview sciencedirect topics. Symphytum asperum rootsstems, polyphenols, phenolic acids, uhplcqtofms symphytum asperum lepech. General information about symphytum asperum symas turkey, caucasus. Jepson manual treatment university of california, berkeley photo gallery. The conservation status of all known new zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the new zealand threat classification system nztcs. Pdf a new species of the genus macrosiphum hemiptera. Plants profile for symphytum asperum prickly comfrey. Novikova allantoin and pyrrolizidine alkaloidsfree wound healing compositions from symphytum asperum bull. Symphytum asperum, wound healing, allantoin, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, excisional wounds, skin burn introduction comfrey symphytum l.
Note that the pdf version is the booklet as published, whereas the excel spreadsheet incorporates subsequent. Note that the pdf version is the booklet as published, whereas the excel spreadsheet incorporates subsequent corrections. Prickly comfrey, symphytum asperum flowers naturegate. Structure of a new anticomplementary dihydroxycinnamatederived polymer from symphytum asperum boraginaceae article in mendeleev communications 104. Comfrey is a perennial plant whose leaves and roots are traditionally used for wound healing. Antioxidant and anticomplement activity of poly33,4. Due to its apparently coherent origin as a cultivated herb, prickly comfrey in finland mutates very little. Symphytum asperum lepechin symphytum asperum is a flowering plant of the genus symphytum in the family boraginaceae. Determination of levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in symphytum asperum lepech growing in selected parts of kenya shylock o. Comfrey symphytum officinale is traditionally used to externally treat bruises and joint injuries with. It has been shown that the carbohydrates ofsymphytum asperum l. Download fulltext pdf allantoin and pyrrolizidine alkaloidsfree wound healing compositions from symphytum asperum article pdf available january 2009 with 349 reads.
Prickly comfreys most common habitat is old gardens and parks, or where it has escaped to nearby roadsides, ditches and banks. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf poly33,4dihydroxyphenylglyceric acid, a new biologically active polymer from symphytum asperum lepech. Symphytum is a personal database software for everyone who desires to manage and organize data in an easy and intuitive way, without having to study complex database languages and software user interfaces. It is native to asia and it is known in europe and north america as an introduced species and sometimes a weed references. Symphytum asperum in kew science plants of the world online. Densitometric quantification of allantoin was carried out on tlc si60 plates with butanol50 % methanolformic acid, 66. Pdf extracts from the caucasian species of comfrey symphytum asperum and s.
Two highmolecular watersoluble preparations with high anticomplementary, antioxidant, antilipoperoxidant and antiinflammatory activities were isolated from the roots of symphytum asperum and s. Symphytum asperum is a flowering plant of the genus symphytum in the family boraginaceae. Feb 23, 2012 the pyrrolizidine alkaloids echimidine and symlandine are not found in s. Symphytum asperum symasoverview eppo global database. Comfrey is a common garden plant that has been used as a herbal medicine for 2000 years. No reports of toxicity have been seen for this species, but the following reports have been seen for s. Allantoinand pyrrolizidine alkaloidsfree wound healing compositions from symphytum asperum. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. Symphytum is of great use in wounds penetrating the perineum and bones with pricking pain and soreness in the periostium. Ovate to elliptic leaves to 28 long are dark green and prickly hairy.
Learn more about comfrey uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain comfrey. Allantoin and pyrrolizidine alkaloidsfree wound healing compositions from symphytum asperum. Their main chemical constituent was found to be polyoxy1carboxy23,4dihydroxyphenylethylene, according to ir and nmr spectroscopy. Enantioselective synthesis and antioxidant activity of 3. Extracts from the caucasian species of comfrey symphytum asperum and s. A tlcdensitometric method for determination of allantoin in symphytum officinale root was developed. Distribution of symphytum asperum in the czech republic. Symphytum asperum online atlas of the british and irish flora.
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